Induced THERMAL STRESSES during quenching of micro and nano-structured ZrO2 coatings from 1250oC to 20oC has been modeled using finite element method. THERMAL STRESSES distribution of coatings has been also calculated. Results show that THERMAL stress in x-direction is zero at the edges of both micro and nano-structured samples. It is also concluded that shear THERMAL stress of nano-structured coatings is 33% lower than its value in micro ones. In addition, shear STRESSES in TGO layer were also calculated and the results show these STRESSES are 35% lower than micro ones. Modeling results validates long life time of nano-structured coatings.

The present study aims to investigate the analysis of stress, strain, displacement, and electrical potential of a thick hollow cylinder made of FGPM under mechanical and THERMAL loads. Distribu-tion of mechanical property of material is considered along the shell stick through the power distribution function. THERMAL loads have been taken to signify the difference of temperature between outer and inner surfaces for each type of mechanical property. After extracting and solv-ing the differential equations in transient state and the observation of mechanical and THERMAL boundary conditions, governing functions are obtained through the following parameters: ther-mal conduction non-homogeneous parameters, THERMAL linear distribution coefficient, elastic stiffness constant, piezo-electric coefficient, and dielectric constants.

One of the major STRESSES which develop in concrete pavements is the THERMAL STRESSES. Since concrete is less able to deform in response to temperature changes than bituminous materials, THERMAL STRESSES have to be taken into account as well as traffic STRESSES in analysing the behavior of concrete pavements. Temperature STRESSES in concrete slabs can be divided into three categories namely, end restraint compressive stress, foundation restraint compressive and tensile stress and partially or completely restrained warping STRESSES. Since the concrete has a high compressive strength, the first category does not take into account, but developing the two other kinds of THERMAL STRESSES in concrete pavements are inevitable and when added to traffic STRESSES here are called combined STRESSES. The combination of these can cause cracking and failure in pavements. The conclusion of this investigation showed that the day time combined STRESSES have an adverse relation to the length of slabs while the night- time combined STRESSES are directly proportional to the slab's length. From comparing the various results it was concluded that the results from Westergaard equations normally overestimate the curling STRESSES for both day and night times by 17% and 30% respectively.

Human health is influenced by weather variables in all circumstances, including atmospheric pressure, humidity and temperature around them. Based on climate hazard and climate changes, different parts of human life and economic and social strategies such as health, hydrological pollutants And agriculture had a profound effect, including the discussion of the effects of THERMAL stress on human health over the last few decades, and has become a major issue in the world's scientific circles. Heat and cold STRESSES, the exposure of humans to extreme heat and cold, are part of the extreme events, often encountered by people during daily activities or in the workplace, and affecting human physical activities. It is important that, if the body is not cooled through transpiration or cooling mechanism, severe deaths are inflicted on human health; therefore, the person has to reduce his activity in order to reduce the adverse effects of heat stress. Hence, many researchers consider the THERMAL stress component more important than other components in assessing human health. In this study, using the physiological equivalent thermometer of PET THERMAL stress assessment and zoning of human THERMAL physiological STRESSES in Iran, with the length of the common statistical period from 1959 to 2011, and for the arsenal of THERMAL physiological STRESSES of Iran Forty stations have been used as representatives of Iranian cities. To calculate the physiological equivalent THERMAL temperature, all the effective meteorological elements in the human energy bill are measured at an appropriate height of climate biology, such as 1/5 meters above the Earth's surface. Data on climatic elements are provided by the Meteorological Organization of Iran. In the absence of data for some courses, linear regression method was used to reconstruct these missing data. After calculating the indices, the frequencies were also monitored and finally, using the GIS technique, the Kriging method of the study area was based on the frequency of occurrence of the indicators. Therefore, in order to achieve the results and objectives of the present study, software such as SPSS for data normalization as well as missing data was analyzed and analyzed using Ray Man's model based on meteorological elements to calculate the equivalent THERMAL physiological temperature of humans. Also, using the GIS software and Ordinary Kriging method, the best interpolation method was used to zon the human cysiological STRESSES. Today, in the planning of human health and comfort, the study of the physiological THERMAL stress plays an important role. In this regard, weather conditions can be used in the long-term planning of climate and in the short term planning of atmospheric conditions. In the present study, using the thermophysical THERMAL Equivalent THERMAL Index (PET), the climate climatic Atlas of Iran was prepared on a monthly basis. Calculated values for 40 stations in the country with a total statistical period of 52 years (1959-2011) were prepared. The results of this study showed that the spatial distribution of the physiological equivalent THERMAL temperature index in the country follows the altitudes, roughness and latitude. Accordingly, the low values of the indicator, which relate to the STRESSES of the cold, are consistent with the high and mountainous regions as well as the high latitudes, and vice versa, the THERMAL STRESSES occur in low and low elevations, as well as low latitudes, which of course, severe heat STRESSES occurred in the summer. Because throughout this season, the entire country of Iran is dominated by high tidal altitudes at high and low levels of ground pressure (1000 hp) with its warm and dry air, causing extreme heat and The term effects of heat waves on humans, heat loss, THERMAL contraction of the muscles and skin dryness, infectious or skin diseases, inflammation, sunburn, dizziness, fatigue, and mortality due to an increase in allergies can be mentioned. Significant differences in the environmental conditions of the mountainous masses of Kerman, Yazd and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces with their surrounding areas or low and low northern areas, and especially the Moghan Plain and Sarakhs plain, located in the upper latitudes of the country The issue is that the role of elevation in spatial distribution of the country's climate is much more colorful than factors such as latitude and longitude. The results of the analysis of the monthly THERMAL physiological stress maps showed that in terms of the area without tension, the march of the month with 47/8% of the area (778424/2km2) is in the first place and has the most favorable environmental conditions, The moon with 43/5 percent of the area (709275/2km2) is in the second position and also in March with 22. 6 (359128/9km2) in the third, August and the last month. The highest THERMAL STRESSES (29

Irrespective of technological advances in agriculture, still climate is the most important yield determinant factor. The objective of this study was to quantify the probability of occurrence of THERMAL STRESSES at different growth stages of cotton at Gorgan (the North of Iran) environmental conditions. To do this, first growing degree days requirement for different developmental stages were computed. Then, using 40 years daily weather data of Gorgan and a computer program, prepared for this study, the probability of occurrence of different stressful temperatures for different processes (like emergence and photosynthesis) were calculated. The results showed that cotton encounters low stressful temperatures during emergence, leaf production during vegetative growth at early sowing and fiber growth at late sowing. However, high temperature stress decreases photosynthesis and flower and boll retention from squaring to bolling stage at late sowing. During vegetative stage, both low and high temperatures limit the photosynthesis of the crop. The results of this study can be used in cultural management and breeding of cotton and in designing stress physiology researches.

Distribution of THERMAL STRESSES in dams, especially concrete gravity dams is a complex and significant subject in designing the dams. Although by the use of a simplified assumption, the temperature distribution along the cross section of a dam can be considered linearly, because of the low THERMAL diffusion coefficient for concrete and variance of atmospheric conditions with time, temperature distribution along the dam cross section is nonlinear. So, the assumption of linear distribution of temperature will not be an accurate one. A number of factors influence the temperature distribution along the dam cross section that can be divided into two groups internal factors due to hydration of cement and external factors due to atmospheric variation. The temperature distribution along the dam cross section has a significant effect on the THERMAL STRESSES.In the present paper a concrete gravity dam by the use of 2D finite element analysis in a climate condition similar to Mashhad were analyzed. In this analysis concreting in hot and cold weather with different types of cements (type I and type IV) were investigated. At the first step, the results of THERMAL analysis were obtained and then normal STRESSES and displacements at different nodes were extracted. The results show that the critical STRESSES are produced in the case of hot weather; with high THERMAL hydration for cement and high expansion coefficient for the materials. These STRESSES in the core of a dam cross-section and away from the drainage gallery and also adjacent to the toe and heel of the dam are maximum.